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Massacre at Huế
The Huế Massacre ((ベトナム語:Thảm sát tại Huế Tết Mậu Thân), or ''Thảm sát Tết Mậu Thân ở Huế, ''lit. translation: "Tet Offensive Massacre in Huế") is the name given to the summary executions and mass killings perpetrated by the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army during their capture, occupation and later withdrawal from the city of Huế during the Tet Offensive, considered one of the longest and bloodiest battles of the Vietnam War.
The Battle of Huế began on January 31, 1968, and lasted a total of 26 days. During the months and years that followed, dozens of mass graves were discovered in and around Huế. Victims included women, men, children, and infants. The estimated death toll was between 2,800 and 6,000 civilians and prisoners of war.〔Anderson, David L. ''The Columbia Guide to the Vietnam War''. 2004, page 98-9〕 The Republic of Vietnam released a list of 4,062 victims identified as having been either murdered or abducted.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.vvfh.org/uploads/massacres/List%20of%20Civilians%20Massacred%20by%20the%20Communists%20During%20%E2%80%9CTet%20Mau%20Than%E2%80%9D%20in%20Thua%20Thien%20Province%20ad%20Hue%20City1.pdf )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.vvfh.org/uploads/massacres/List%20of%20Civilians%20Massacred%20by%20the%20Communists%20During%20%E2%80%9CTet%20Mau%20Than%E2%80%9D%20in%20Thua%20Thien%20Province%20ad%20Hue%20City2.pdf )〕 Victims were found bound, tortured, and sometimes buried alive. Many victims were also clubbed to death.〔Kendrick Oliver, ''The My Lai Massacre in American History and Memory'' (Manchester University Press, 2006), p. 27.〕〔''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World'', edited by James Minahan, vol. 4 (Greenwood, 2002), p. 1761.〕〔Pierre Journod, "La France, les États-Unis et la guerre du Vietnam: l'année 1968", in ''Les relations franco-américaines au XX siècle'', edited by Pierre Melandri and Serge Ricard (L'Harmattan, 2003), p. 176.〕
A number of U.S. and South Vietnamese authorities as well a number of journalists who investigated the events took the discoveries, along with other evidence, as proof that a large-scale atrocity had been carried out in and around Huế during its four-week occupation. The killings were perceived as part of a large-scale purge of a whole social stratum, including anyone friendly to American forces in the region. The Massacre at Huế came under increasing press scrutiny later, when press reports exposed that South Vietnamese "revenge squads" had also been at work in the aftermath of the battle, searching out and executing citizens that had supported the communist occupation.〔Oberdorfer, pp. 232–233.〕〔Willbanks, pp. 101–102.〕
==Executions during the course of the Communist occupation==
The Viet Cong set up provisional authorities shortly after capturing Huế in the early hours of January 31, 1968. They were charged with removing the existing government administration from power within the city and replacing it with a "revolutionary administration." Working from lists of "cruel tyrants and reactionary elements" previously developed by VC intelligence officers, many people were to be rounded up following the initial hours of the attack. These included the Army of the Republic of Vietnam ARVN soldiers, civil servants, political party members, local religious leaders, schoolteachers, American civilians and other international people. Cadres called out the names on their lists over loudspeakers, ordering them to report to a local school. Those not reporting voluntarily were hunted down.〔(Tet – What Really Happened at Hue )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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